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1. Value Line Publishing, Inc. provides, through this web site (WWW.ValueLine.Com), certain Value Line information, ratings and earning estimates related to companies whose securities are publicly traded, and certain articles, explanatory text, and product information (collectively, the "Value Line® Information"). Your use of the Value Line® Information is entirely at your own risk and it is your sole responsibility to evaluate the accuracy, completeness and usefulness of all Value Line® Information.

2. All Value Line ® Information is provided "as is" and on an "as available" basis without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including without limitation warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Neither Value Line Publishing, Inc. nor any of it's affiliates warrants that the Value Line® Information will be accurate, complete, uninterrupted or error free or that any information, software, or other material accessible from or related to the Value Line® Information is free of viruses, worms, or other harmful components.

3. Under no circumstances shall Value Line Publishing, Inc., or their affiliates be liable for any direct, indirect, incidental, special, punitive or consequential damages that result in any way from your use, non-use or reliance upon the Value Line® Information, or that result from mistakes, omissions, interruptions or deletions of files, errors or defects in the Value Line® Information, delays in operation, transmission or failure of performance. If you are dissatisfied with any Value Line® Information, your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue using the Value Line® Information.

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5. Officers, directors, employees and affiliates of Value Line, Inc. ("VLI"), the parent company of Value Line Publishing, Inc. ("VLPI"), may hold stocks that are reviewed or recommended in this publication. VLI also manages investment companies and other accounts that use the rankings and recommendations in this publication as part of their investment strategies. These accounts, as well as the officers, directors, and employees of VLI, may dispose of a security notwithstanding the fact that The Value Line Investment Survey ("The Survey") ranks the issuer favorably; conversely, such accounts or persons may purchase or hold a security that is poorly ranked by The Survey. Some of the investment companies managed by VLI only hold securities with a specified minimum Timeliness Rank by the Survey and dispose of those positions when the Timeliness Rank declines or is suspended. Subscribers to the Survey as well as some institutional customers of VLPI have access to the entire Survey at 8:00 A.M. Eastern time each Thursday. (Other arrangements are made for days when the stock market is closed on Thursday.) Portfolio managers for VLI receive information on Timeliness Ranks at the same time. Additional rank-related information is made available internally. VLI's portfolio managers also may have access to publicly available information that may ultimately result in or influence a change in rankings or recommendations, such as earnings releases, changes in market value or disclosure of corporate transactions. The investment companies or accounts may trade upon such information prior to a change in a ranking. While the rankings in the the Survey are intended to be predictive of future relative performance of a issuer's securities, the Survey is not intended to constitute a recommendation of any specific security. Any investment decision with respect to any issuer covered by the Survey should be made as part of a diversified portfolio of equity securities and in light of an investor's particular investment objectives and circumstances.

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8. Value Line Publishing, Inc. may deny you access to all or part of this service without notice if you engage in any conduct or activities that Value Line Publishing, Inc., in its sole discretion, believes violates applicable law or any term of this agreement.

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10. In the event that any portion of this agreement is held to be unenforceable, the unenforceable portion shall be construed in accordance with applicable laws as nearly as possible to reflect the original intentions of the parties and the remainder of the provisions shall remain in full force and effect.

11. Value Line Publishing, Inc.'s failure to insist upon or enforce strict performance of any provision of this agreement shall not be construed as a waiver of any provision or right. Neither the course of conduct between parties nor trade practice shall act to modify any provision of this agreement.


Factual material is obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but the publisher is not responsible for any errors or omissions, or for the results of actions taken based on information contained herein. Nothing herein should be construed as an offer to buy or sell securities or to give individual investment advice. © 2024 Value Line Publishing LLC RIGHTS OF REPRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE PUBLISHER. The Publisher does not give investment advice or act as an investment adviser. Value Line, Inc., its subsidiaries, its parent corporation and its subsidiaries, and their officers, directors or employees as well as certain investment companies or investment advisory accounts for which Value Line, Inc. acts as investment advisor, may own stocks that are mentioned on this Value Line Web site.